Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, St. Peter's

Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (1484-1546), was a Florentine and a pupil of Bramante's. We have seen some of his work on the Villa Madama.
Antonio da Sangallo was invited to work on the ongoing project of St. Peter's in the Vatican City. In 1520 he was appointed architect to the Fabbrica di San Pieto by Pope Paul III Farnese (1468-1449).
The reconstruction, designed by Bramante, of St. Peter's was started in 1506; there were to be many architects involved during the 120 years before it was consecrated. Sangallo created this large scale wood model in 1539. You will notice the differences in Sangallo's design and Michelangelo's. One is that the tall campanile have been edited out, also Sangallo had created an internal ambulatory which was destroyed during Michelangelo's time, apparently because it was blocking sunlight. The overall design is cluttered and lacks the cohesiveness that Michelangelo successfully created.

Villa Madama, Raphael

Commissioned by Cardinal Giulio de' Medici (who was crowned Pope Clement VII in 1523), Villa Madama is located on the banks of the Tiber just a few miles north of Rome. Built between 1518 and 1527, Villa Madama was designed by Raphael. Because Raphael died before completion, Sangallo the Younger was assigned to oversee construction. There are some similarities in the design of the Belvedere Court in the Vatican palace:

-quadripartite vaulting with three bays
-influenced by the Roman triumphal arch
-courtyard with circular center, monumental rustic columns set in to exterior wall
-open air ampitheatre excavated into the hillside
-shift from simplicity to splendor

Raphael had been inspired by Pliny's descriptions of villas in antiquity; and so he set out to recreate a classical villa.

Domus Aurea

The interior of the Loggia was designed by Raphael and carried out by Giulio Romano. At this time Nero's palace, Domus Aurea, had been discovered. The grotesche decoration was an exciting source of inspiration for Renaissance artists.